【英文标准名称】:Commercialroadvehicles;dimensionalcodes
【原文标准名称】:商用道路车辆尺寸代码
【标准号】:ISO7656-1993
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:国际
【发布日期】:1993-08
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:国际标准化组织(IX-ISO)
【起草单位】:ISO/TC22
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:商用车辆;代码表示;代码;尺寸;符号;道路车辆;摩托车
【英文主题词】:Codedrepresentation;Codes;Commercialroadvehicles;Dimensions;Motorvehicles;Roadvehicles;Symbols
【摘要】:The132codesfordimensionsincludinganglesestablishedaretobeusedfortheexchangeofvehicledataandelectronicprocessing.AppliestocommercialroadvehiclesasdefinedinISO3833.
【中国标准分类号】:A14
【国际标准分类号】:43_080_01
【页数】:32P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforConductingFrictionTestsofPistonRingandCylinderLinerMaterialsUnderLubricatedConditions
【原文标准名称】:在润滑条件下进行活塞环和缸衬材料摩擦试验的标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTMG181-2004(2009)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2004
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:G02.50
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:cylinderliner;dieseloil;friction;liquidlubricant;pistonring;Cylinderlinermaterials;Frictiontests;Lubricatedmaterials/testing;Pistonrings
【摘要】:Theefficiencyandfueleconomyofsparkignitionanddieselenginesisaffectedinparttothefrictionbetweenmovingparts.Althoughnoreliable,insitufrictionmeasurementsexistforfiredinternalcombustionengines,ithasbeenestimatedthatatleasthalfofthefrictionlossesinsuchenginesareduetothoseattheringandlinerinterface.Thispracticeinvolvestheuseofareciprocatingslidingarrangementtosimulatethetypeofoscillatingcontactthatoccursbetweenapistonringanditsmatingcylinderboresurfacenearthetop-dead-centerpositioninthecylinderwheremostseveresurfacecontactconditionsoccur.Therearemanytypesofenginesandengineoperatingenvironments;therefore,toallowtheusertheflexibilitytotailorthistesttoconditionsrepresentativeofvariousengines,apracticeisconsideredmoreappropriatethanastandardtestmethodinwhichspecifictestparametersareprescribed.Variablesthatcanbeadjustedinthisprocedureinclude:normalforce,speedofoscillation,strokelength,durationoftesting,temperatureoftesting,methodofspecimensurfacepreparation,andthematerialsandlubricantstobeevaluated.Guidanceisprovidedhereontheset-upofthetest,themannerofspecimenfixturingandalignment,theselectionofalubricanttosimulateconditionedoilcharacteristics(foradieselengine),andthemeanstorun-intheringspecimenstominimizevariabilityintestresults.Engineoilspendsthemajorityofitsoperatinglifetimeinastatethatisrepresentativeofuse-conditionedoil.Thatis,freshoilischangedbyexposuretotheheat,chemicalenvironment,andconfinementinlubricatedcontact.Itages,changingviscosity,atomicweight,solidscontent,acidity,andchemistry.Conductingpistonringandcylinderlinermaterialevaluationsinfresh,non-conditionedoilisthereforeunrealisticformaterialscreening.Butadditive-depleted,usedoilcanresultinhighwearandcorrosiveattackofengineparts.Thecurrenttestisintendedforusewithlubricantsthatsimulatetribologicalbehaviorafterin-serviceoilconditioning,butprecedingthepointofsevereenginedamage.1.1Thispracticecoversproceduresforconductinglaboratorybench-scalefrictiontestsofmaterials,coatings,andsurfacetreatmentsintendedforuseinpistonringsandcylinderlinersindieselorspark-ignitionengines.Thegoalofthisprocedureistoprovideameansforpreliminary,cost-effectivescreeningorevaluationofcandidateringandlinermaterials.Areciprocatingslidingarrangementisusedtosimulatethecontactthatoccursbetweenapistonringanditsmatinglinernearthetop-dead-centerpositioninthecylinderwhereliquidlubricationisleasteffective,andmostwearisknowntooccur.Specialattentionispaidtospecimenalignment,running-in,andlubricantcondition.1.2Thispracticedoesnotpurporttosimulateallaspectsofafiredenginex2019;soperatingenvironment,butisintendedtoserveasameansforpreliminaryscreeningforassessingthefrictionalcharacteristicsofcandidatepistonringandlinermaterialcombinationsinthepresenceoffluidsthatbehaveasuse-conditionedengineoils.Therefore,itisbeyondthescopeofthispracticetodescribehowonemightestablishcorrelationsbetweenthedescribedtestresultsandthefrictionalcharacteristicsofringsandcylinderborematerialsforspecificenginedesignsoroperatingconditions.1.3ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasstandard.Nootherunitsofmeasurementareincludedinthisstandard.1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapp......
【中国标准分类号】:J92
【国际标准分类号】:27_020
【页数】:9P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语